Building Community and Teaching Presence is Crucial
Build a positive learning community online just as you would with a F2F course. Create opportunities for student-to-student as well as student-to-instructor interaction.
- Let your students get to know you and a few (appropriate) personal details about you and your life. Put together a short video that introduces you – link to it in the syllabus, post it on the main page.
- Encourage regular contact and reminders: Use Blackboard to set due dates and reminders. Include any late penalty information in these reminders as well.
- Give students an opportunity to express opinions and respond to questions that have diverse answer possibilities. Consider discussion boards as an avenue to do this.
- Develop opportunities for student-to-student interactions. Have an online café discussion board or GroupMe page where students can ask each other questions or share with each other.
- Every week or class period, incorporate a short “Housekeeping” video with information on upcoming assignments, due dates, module materials, readings, etc.
Responding to Questions from Students
With students working more at their own pace, expect an increase in questions from students. Recommendations include:
- Make a FAQ discussion board (or pdf) and ask students to check there before emailing you any questions.
- Instead of responding to many emails, send an Announcement as an email that answers all (non-personal) questions at the end of each day asked by students that day, or week.
Virtual Office Hours
One of the primary concerns reported by online students is the feeling of isolation (Abrami & Bures, 1996). One way to connect with your students is through live, synchronous office hours using web conferencing tools, such as Blackboard Collaborate, Zoom, and GoToMeeting. These tools can be used for any online, collaborative meeting with an individual student or a group of students and are well-suited for online office hours. Benefits of virtual office hours include building instructor-student rapport, helps students feel connected and motivated, gives students a chance to ask questions individually, allows instructor to address concerns or misconceptions in material. Even when students do not take advantage of the opportunity to meet with her live online, they often appreciate having the option. Recommendations include:
- State clearly in the syllabus when office hours will be and how they can access you.
- Tell students what to expect in terms of format (submit questions in chat or send instructor questions beforehand).
- Schedule office hours for different purposes (e.g. separate office hours for reviewing material, answering questions about an assignment, general checking in).
Cut Down on the Material You are Trying to Cover
This is called the “Problem of Content Tyranny.” Put on your critical glasses and cut the material that is not absolutely essential. Lectures, particularly in large enrollment courses, should cover the following kinds of material:
- key points and general themes
- especially difficult material
- material not covered elsewhere
- examples and illustrations
- material of high interest/relevance to students
Take the main point or general topic for each lecture video section and make it a Socratic, critical or analytical-leading question so that there is an answer to be found in the material, not just facts and figures. This also helps students to format their notes and understanding as they study.
Best Practices for Graduate Teaching Assistants Help and Facilitation
Communicate tasks clearly to the TA (for example, “write 10 challenging self-grading assessment questions that require synthesis of knowledge from the book and lecture” vs. “write a 10-question quiz”). TAs have likely recently taken online classes —ask them questions about how students will perceive elements of your online class. Be open to feedback. Consider which synchronous course elements could be done well by a TA. Train, delegate, check in.
Tips to Share with Students Who are Viewing a Course Synchronously or Watching the Recording of a Class
General Tips for All Students
- Have reliable computer and Internet access.
- Confirm technical requirements detailed on course syllabus.
- Have a dedicated, quiet and well-maintained workspace.
- Eliminate distractions in your study area or viewing area when you are online - turn off all devices (e.g. phones, TVs).
- Be prepared for the class session by reading materials and resources.
- Take notes as you listen to the class presentation.
- Be mentally engaged while you are viewing the class presentation.
- Seek help from the instructor or other sources when needed.
- Connect with other students and participants in the class.
Synchronous Viewing of a Course
- Be polite and respectful to participants.
- Mute your microphone if you are not speaking.
- Learn how to turn on your webcam.
- Use the chat feature for constructive comments only.
- Check your surroundings; be aware of what others can see and hear in your workspace.
- Participate in the class discussion to stay engaged with the material and the participants.
Watching the Recording
- Stay organized by preparing your course materials and resources before you watch the recording.
- Manage your time to ensure that you have enough time to watch the presentation.
- Set goals about what you need to learn before you watch the recording.
- Take notes as you watch the recording.
- Watch the recording in advance of the next class period to ensure that you are prepared for the class.
Additional Resources
- Baran, E., & Correia, A. (2014). A professional development framework for online teaching. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 58(5), 95-101. doi:10.1007/s11528-014-0791-0.
- Barber, W., Taylor, S., & Buchanan, S. (2014). Empowering Knowledge-Building Pedagogy in Online Environments: Creating Digital Moments to Transform Practice: Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 12(2), 128–137.
- Barrett, B. (2010). Virtual Teaching and Strategies: Transitioning from Teaching Traditional Classes to Online Classes. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 3(12), 17–20.
- Bigatel, P. M., Ragan, L. C., Kennan, S., May J. & Redmond, B. F. The Identification of Competencies for Online Teaching Success, Online Learning DOI
- Cooper, S. (2016). 10 Best Practices to Be an Effective Online Teacher
- Darby, F. (2020). How to Be a Better Online Teacher: Advice Guide Chronicle of Higher Education.
- Dreon, O. (2013). Applying the Seven Principle for Good Practice to the Online Classroom.
- Hatch, M. (2018). Ask Professors: What are the Pros and Cons of Online Learning and Instruction.
- Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B. Trust, T., and Bond, A. March 2020. The Difference Between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning. Educause Review.
- Holbeck, R., & Hartman, J. (2018). Efficient Strategies for Maximizing Online Student Satisfaction: Applying Technologies to Increase Cognitive Presence, Social Presence, and Teaching Presence. Journal of Educators Online, 15(3).
- Hulshult, A. R., & Krehbiel, T. C. (2019). Using Eight Agile Practices in an Online Course to Improve Student Learning and Team Project Quality. Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice, 19(3), 55–67.
- Jackson, L. C., Jones, S. J., & Rodriguez, R. C. (2010). Faculty Actions That Result in Student Satisfaction in Online Courses. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 14(4), 78–96.
- Kelly, R. (Dec. 2013). Blended Learning: Integrating Online and Face-to-Face Courses. Faculty Focus by Magna Publication.
- Martin, F., Budhrani, K. Kumar, S., & Ritzhaupt, A. (2019) Award-Winning Faculty Online Teaching Practices: Roles and Competencies. Online Learning, 23(1), 184-205.
- Miller, M. (March 2020). “Going Online in a Hurry: What to Do and Where to Start”. Chronicle of Higher Education
- O’Malley, S. (2017). Effective Teaching Online.
- Puzziferro, M., & Shelton, K. (2008). A Model for Developing High-Quality Online Courses: Integrating a Systems Approach with Learning Theory. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12(3-4), 119-136.
- Rhode, J., & Krishnamurthi, M. (2016). Preparing Faculty to Teach Online: Recommendations for Developing Self-Paced Training. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 6(5), 376-382.
- Salehi, N., Petersen, C., Hurley, S., Sherven, P. & Reilly, C, Creating Online Teaching Competencies and a Faculty Development Curriculum (2017). Minnesota eLearning Summit. 32.
- Xu, H., & Morris, L. V. (2007). Team-based Online Course Development: A Case Study of Collaboration Models . Innovative Higher Education, 32, 35-47. doi:10.1007/s10755-006-9033-5.